题图来源:bing
导读
肺动脉高压(pulmonaryarterialhypertension)本身症状是非特异的,轻度肺动脉高压可无症状,随病情发展可出现劳力性呼吸困难,乏力和晕厥等症状。原发性肺动脉高压其病因目前尚不明确。继发性肺动脉高压多与先天性心脏病有关,先心病的发生是多种因素的综合结果,如酗酒、抽烟等不良生活习惯,先心病家族史,影响胎儿发育的疾病等。
视频主要介绍什么是肺动脉高压。
视频来源:WebMed
NMDA-TypeGlutamateReceptorActivationPromotesVascularRemodelingandPulmonaryArterialHypertension
NMDA型谷氨酸受体激活促进血管重塑,缓解肺动脉高血压(PAH)
Abstract摘要
Background
背景
Excessiveproliferationandapoptosisresistanceinpulmonaryvascularcellsunderlievascularremodelinginpulmonaryarterialhypertension(PAH).SpecifictreatmentsforPAHexist,mostlytargetingendothelialdysfunction,buthighpulmonaryarterialpressurestillcausesheartfailureanddeath.Pulmonaryvascularremodelingmaybedrivenbymetabolicreprogrammingofvascularcellstoincreaseglutaminolysisandglutamateproduction.TheN-methyl-D-aspartatereceptor(NMDAR),amajorneuronalglutamatereceptor,isalsoexpressedonvascularcells,butitsroleinPAHisunknown.
在肺动脉高血压(PAH)中,肺血管细胞的过度增殖和细胞凋亡抵抗性影响肺血管的重塑。目前,一些PAH疗法主要针对肺血管内皮功能障碍,但肺动脉压力过高仍会引起心衰及死亡。肺血管重塑可由细胞代谢重编程启动,血管细胞中谷酰胺分解加速,并生产更多的谷氨酸。N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)是一种主要的神经元谷氨酸受体,它也在血管细胞中表达,但其在PAH中的作用未知。
Methods
方法
Weassessedthestatusoftheglutamate-NMDARaxisinthepulmonaryarteriesofPAHpatientsandcontrols,throughmassspectrometryimaging,westernblottingandimmunohistochemistry.Wemeasuredtheglutamatereleasefromculturedpulmonaryvascularcellsusingenzymaticassays,andanalyzedNMDARregulation/phosphorylationthroughwesternblotexperiments.TheeffectofNMDARblockadeonhumanpulmonaryarterialsmoothmusclecell(hPASMC)proliferationwasdeterminedusingaBrdUincorporationassay.WeassessedtheroleofNMDARsinvascularremodelingassociatedtopulmonaryhypertension(PH),bothinsmoothmuscle-specificNMDARknockoutmiceexposedtochronichypoxiaandinthemonocrotalineratmodelofPHusingNMDARblockers.
通过质谱成像,免疫印迹,和免疫组织化学,我们对谷氨酸-NMDAR轴在PAH患者和对照组人群中的状态进行了评估。我们使用酶测定法测量了培养的肺血管细胞的谷氨酸分泌量,并通过免疫印迹实验分析了NMDAR调节/磷酸化。通过BrdU核素掺入法测定了NMDAR对人类肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖有阻碍作用。我们推测在血管重塑中NMDARs与肺动脉高压(PH)相关联,并在长期暴露于缺氧环境下的NMDAR基因敲除小鼠中和使用了NMDARs阻断剂的PH野百合碱大鼠模型中进行了相关实验。
Results
结果
Wereportglutamateaccumulation,upregulationoftheNMDAR,andNMDARengagementreflectedbyincreasesinGluN1-subunitphosphorylation,inthepulmonaryarteriesofhumanPAHpatients.KvchannelinhibitionandETARactivationamplifiedcalcium-dependentglutamatereleasefromhPASMCs,andETARandPDGFRactivationledtoNMDARengagement,highlightingcrosstalkbetweentheglutamate-NMDARaxisandmajorPAH-associatedpathways.ThePDGF-BB-inducedproliferationofhPASMCsinvolvedNMDARactivationandphosphorylatedGluN1subunitlocalizationtocell-cellcontacts,consistentwithglutamatergic北京中医治疗白癜风哪家好北京中科医院电话